Feeding stimulation ability and central effects of intraperitoneal treatment of L-leucine, L-valine, and L-proline on amino acid sensing systems in rainbow trout: implication in food intake control

Abstract

To continue gathering knowledge on the central regulation of food intake in response to amino acids in teleost fish, using as a model rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), we evaluated in a first experiment the feeding attractiveness of L-leucine, L-valine, and L-proline offered as an agar gel matrix. In a second experiment, we assessed the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) treatment with the same amino acids on food intake. In a third experiment, we carried out a similar IP administration of amino acids to evaluate the response of amino acid sensing mechanisms in the hypothalamus and telencephalon. Results are discussed in conjunction with an earlier study where leucine and valine were administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV). The attractiveness of amino acids does not appear to relate to their effects on food intake, at least when administrated by-passing ingestion and luminal absorption, since two attractive amino acids resulted in an anorexigenic (Leu) or no effects (Pro) on food intake while a non-attractive amino acid (Val) induced anorexigenic (IP treatment) or orexigenic (ICV treatment) responses. The effects of Leu on food intake might relate to the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and result from the direct activation of amino acid sensing systems. In contrast, while valine had few effects on hypothalamic amino acid sensing systems after ICV treatment, a significant amount of parameters become affected by IP treatment suggesting that the effect of Val after IP treatment is indirect. Proline had no relevant effects on amino acid sensing systems, neuropeptide expression, and food intake, which suggest that this amino acid might not have a relevant role in the homeostatic regulation of food intake through hypothalamic mechanisms. In telencephalon, the same amino acid sensing systems operating in hypothalamus appear to be present and respond to Leu and Val, but it is still unclear how they might relate to the control of food intake.